How does the IRS expect a boat to be valued for estate tax?
At fair market value on the date of death, and IRS Publication 561 says that except for inexpensive small boats, the value should rest on a marine surveyor's appraisal because physical condition is critical. A defensible file pairs the survey with photos, the HIN, engine hours, maintenance records, upgrades, and comparable sales.
Does a later sale price set the boat's estate tax value?
No, not automatically. The standard is fair market value as of the date of death, so a post-death sale is just one piece of evidence, usable only if it happened close in time and the vessel's condition had not materially changed. Disputes typically focus on adjustments for engine hours, saltwater exposure, and cosmetic damage.
Why does the boat's estate value matter to the heirs later?
Because of basis consistency: under Treasury Regulation 1.1014-10, an heir's initial basis cannot exceed the boat's final estate tax value. An understated appraisal quietly shrinks the heir's basis and inflates taxable gain on a later sale, so the number filed with Form 706 has income tax consequences beyond the estate itself.
Which valuation approach fits which kind of boat in an estate?
The market approach for standard production boats with good comparables, the cost approach for newer or heavily upgraded vessels, and the income approach for charter or revenue-producing craft. Method choice can move the value materially, which makes it a common line of attack when estate boat values are challenged.